Useful things to remember

01

What is an after action review

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After action review is a framework that pushes teams to fix lessons learned. It's useful at the end of a project cycle or when you feel stuck in a project. Group your proect team or main stakeholders and try to answer to these main questions: What was supposed to happen? What did happen in reality? Why was there a difference? What did we learn? What we'll do next time?

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02

Describe what was supposed to happen

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Go back to the project A3. If you have well stated the hypothesis behind your solution, then you can simply copy and paste it. Otherwise you have to clarify after what was the objective of the initiative.

Tip: be specific

People tend to be vague while stating objectives. But blurry objectives are difficult to assess. It’s important to be really precise and come up with objectives that are smart and nail the problem. You can also add quantities and numbers to make them more objective.

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03

State what did happen in reality

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Here you must be descriptive about what was the outcome. No judgement, no hypothesis, no opinions: just state the facts and numbers.

Tip: it's ok to talk about things that didn't work

Talking about what didn’t work it’s important to not judge other colleagues or how you have perfomed, but to understand what was the process problem and learn from it. Everything it’s iterative, you can always go back and do it again.

https://kanbanize.com/lean-management/improvement/5-whys-analysis-tool

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04

Try to figure out why was there a gap

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Explain the causes of the deviation from your initial project goal. Here you can also make some hypothesis, but try to stick as much as possible to what you know. The 5 Whys framework or Ishikawa diagrams can help the team going in depth, identifying the root causes of the difference experienced.

Note: things could also go unexpectedly well

Remember to investigate also ‘positive’ outcomes. If something went so well that your numbers are exceeding your expectations, please try to understand why. You might have discovered something that can be really useful for the organization to succeed in the future.

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05

Write down the lessons learnt

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You must have learnt something from the causes of the deviation. Capture them in the A3. Try to be as clear as possible so that also people outside the team can understand them.

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06

What we'll do next?

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Turn the learnings into actions. This can be a further check that you'll introduce in a workflow or even the hint to start on a new initiative. Give an owner to each action. This step will ensure that learnings will not remain on a the A3, but that there will be consequences.

Warning

Not all actions that you identified must be implemented immediately. Consider writing them down in the Innovation Dashboard. You might be able to tackle those in the future, when you’ll have time and adequate resources to start a new project cycle.

Example

At the end of the 1st iteration of the business process review aimed at reducing the video publication time (link to the problem statement) the project manager performed an After Action Review over the hypothesis set around the solution identified. She detailed a further problem identified along the way and that can be summarized as following: we are not receiving enough videos from International Mobile Staff in the field, and the ones we receive require resources and time for editing, hence reducing their value. This issue, while somehow known, pushed the organization to set up a project that will allow us to understand better the needs and constraints of IMS in the field regarding production of videos.

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07

Share your findings

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Sharing lessons learnt with other teams in the organization will reduce the chances of making the same mistakes several times. Think about making a small presentation with your key results and learning to all the staff.

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